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tags:
  - Independent Assessors
  - Guidance
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  source: person
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<span class="picto">:lucide-person-standing:{ .person title="This content was written by a human just for this page." }</span>

# Approaching FedRAMP 20x Assessments

FedRAMP 20x gives providers room to choose the security goals, measures, and engineering methods that fit their service. The assessor's job is to find out whether the provider has described those choices honestly, implemented them as described, and proved that they work.

This changes the shape of the assessment. A standard point-in-time audit contract may not fit. The work may be iterative, collaborative, and heavily technical. Scope the engagement around the provider's architecture and validation methods.

## Assess the security system and the measurement system

A Key Security Indicator is an outcome claim. The provider decides how to measure it. The assessor must examine both the security capability and the machinery that produces the reported result.

Trace important validations from end to end:

1. What resources and data are in scope?
2. Where does the source data come from?
3. How is it collected and transformed?
4. What code, queries, thresholds, or human decisions produce the result?
5. What counts as failure?
6. How does the provider detect and respond when validation fails?
7. Does the final report preserve the result and its context?

Do not stop at the dashboard. A green status can hide missing accounts, incomplete inventory, faulty integrations, or a manual step that never happened. Review the source, logic, coverage, and failure path. This may require code review, API testing, cloud architecture analysis, and direct work with engineering teams.

A failing KSI result does not always mean the validation is broken. It may show that the validation found a real weakness. An assessor should distinguish between a sound process reporting a security problem and an unsound process reporting an unreliable answer.

## Prefer living evidence

Static evidence shows what was true when someone captured it. FedRAMP 20x is built around evidence that the provider can reproduce and maintain.

Use live demonstrations, direct queries, machine-readable results, and historical trends when they provide stronger evidence. Test whether automated validation runs at the stated cadence, covers the full scope, and produces the same result from the same facts. For human procedures, confirm that people follow them and that the provider records the work.

Automation is not proof by itself. The assessor must understand the automation well enough to test it. Evidence generated by opaque tools, unexplained integrations, or code nobody reviewed deserves scrutiny.

## Work openly without losing independence

20x assessments benefit from early and frequent contact between the provider and assessor. Providers need to explain their service and validation design. Assessors need enough access to test the design while it is still possible to fix unclear evidence and reporting.

The provider and assessor may work in the same platform and present assessment feedback beside provider results. Their records must remain distinct. The provider should not edit the substance of the assessor's findings.

Assessors may recommend clearer validation or stronger security practices. They should not design the provider's solution and then certify their own work.

## Write for the next reviewer

FedRAMP and agency customers need to understand the provider's security posture without reconstructing the assessment.

For each KSI, explain what was tested, how it was tested, what the evidence showed, and where risk or uncertainty remains. Define failure criteria. Preserve disagreements. Keep the human-readable explanation tied to the machine-readable evidence.

The final result is a clear account of the provider's security decisions and the strength of the proof behind them. FedRAMP makes the Certification decision. Agencies decide whether that security posture fits their use.
